事件记录
Dr. 琼斯: 这让我的喉咙哽住了." This is a phrase that usually implies an emotional response to something. 但如果你真的哽咽了怎么办? 或者真的是脖子上的肿块? 这是博士. Kirtley Jones from Obstetrics and Gynecology at the University of Utah Health, and we're talking about thyroid cancer and women today on 范围.
播音员: Covering all aspects of women's health, this is the Seven Domains of Women's Health with Dr. Kirtly Jones在Scope上报道.
Dr. 琼斯: Most of the time one of our most important hormone glands in our body just does its thing without us feeling it. For women, men are another story, the thyroid is the only gland that we can touch with our fingers. It's sort of a flat butterfly-shaped gland about two inches across in the front of our neck in front of our throat. 它调节着体内每个细胞的新陈代谢.
Millions of women have thyroid problems, the most common being under or overactive thyroid. The majority of people in the United States with thyroid problems are women. We're not sure why that's the case except that most thyroid problems are due to autoimmune disease, 大发娱乐制造的针对甲状腺部分的抗体. 所有自身免疫性疾病在女性中更常见.
甲状腺功能亢进和功能减退症状不明确. 症状是感觉寒冷或轻微抑郁. 甲状腺功能低下, 感觉热, 你的心跳和焦虑, 也许体重减轻是甲状腺过度活跃的常见原因. Sometimes the thyroid is slightly enlarged with over or underactive thyroid problems, 但甲状腺癌表现为肿块. 有时病人会注意到肿块, but sometimes it presents with hoarseness of voice or difficulty swallowing, and sometimes the lump is detected by a clinician during a physical exam.
It's important to know that lumps in the thyroid are very common, and only 5% to 10 % of lumps in the thyroid in women are cancer. 现在, thyroid cancer is the most cancer in women 15 to 30 years of age and is the second most common cancer after breast cancer in women under 50. Seventy-five percent of all thyroid cancers occur in women. And thyroid cancers generally happen younger in women than men.
There are a number of risk factors for thyroid cancer, the majority of which you can't change. I already mentioned that being a woman is one of them and you mostly can't change that. There are families that have genetic mutations that make cancers more common, 甲状腺癌是家族风险的一部分.
Another risk for thyroid cancer is exposure to radiation, especially as a child. The most common reason for a young person to have radiation exposure these days is because of radiation treatment for another cancer when the person was a child. 也, 对于大发娱乐这些在山间西部长大的人来说, the increased exposure to radiation from nuclear testing in the 50s is associated with a slightly increased risk of thyroid cancer. And of course exposure to an accident at a nuclear power plant that releases radiation can increase the risk, 但这种情况并不常见.
Finally, children with a low diet in iodine are at an increased risk, but that's uncommon in the U.S. because table salt and sea salt have iodine and iodine is found in fish and is added when salt is added to some foods. 现在, if you have a lump in your thyroid or an enlargement in the front of your neck where your thyroid is, 你应该去看医生. 医生会检查你的甲状腺, 做一个血液测试来检查甲状腺激素, and sometimes check a blood test to see if you have antibodies to your thyroid.
If there's any question of a lump in the thyroid, an ultrasound of your thyroid is the next step. 如果超声显示有肿块, the next step could be to collect cells from the lump with a small needle. 现在有一些关于什么时候做这个测试的争议. 许多甲状腺肿块或结节是完全良性的. If the lump is less than a half inch or about one centimeter, 大多数专家只会建议长时间观看, unless of course you have a family history of thyroid cancer. In that case, you really need to watch things more carefully and the biopsy would be right.
If it's over an inch, most experts will recommend a biopsy. 现在, 如果活检显示癌细胞, the next step is surgery usually to remove the thyroid and make sure the cancer hasn't spread to the lymph nodes. 如果扩散了，下一步可能是辐射. It's most important to know that thyroid hormone can be easily and inexpensively replaced with a pill if you've had your thyroid removed. 另一个重要的事实是, 听好了, is that thyroid cancer in young women is very curable with over 90%, 生存20年. So thyroid cancer is one of the most curable kinds of cancers.
所以如果你喉咙里有肿块, first check out and make sure it isn't really your adorable child or the movie you're watching, 但如果真的是脖子上的肿块, 然后告诉你的医生. The chances are highly likely that it isn't cancer, but it should be evaluated. And if it's found to be thyroid cancer, it's often easily cured in women, and that's the best news. 感谢收看《大发娱乐》栏目.
播音员: 希望范围直接发送到您的收件箱? 在thesoperadio输入您的电子邮件地址.com and click "Sign Me Up" for updates of our latest episodes. 范围 Radio is a production of University of Utah Health Sciences.